The lack of current network dynamics studies that evaluate the effects of new application and protocol deployment or long-term studies that observe the effect of incremental changes on the Internet, and the change in the overall stability of the Internet under various conditions and threats has made network monitoring challenging. A good understanding of the nature and type of network traffic is the key to solving congestion problems. In this paper we describe the architecture and implementation of a scalable network traffic moni-toring and analysis system. The gigabit interface on the monitoring system was configured to capture net-work traffic and the Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG) and Webalizer produces graphical and detailed traffic analysis. This system is in use at the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; we describe how this system can be replicated in another environment.

Wireless networks are prone to security attacks due mainly to the open nature of its transmission medium (open air). Hence wireless network security is more concentrated and complex than that of a wired network. With the advent of wireless network technologies in the market today, mobility has becomes an important requirement for most university networks. A lot of attention has been given to the provision of wireless infrastructures in the University networks, but little attention has been given to wireless network security in a University environment. The current wireless network security implemented in Universities are weak, making it possible for hacker to break into University networks and hack confidential information of students, staffs and faculty members. In this paper we propose a peer-to-peer security architecture with certificate based mutual authentication of client and network through an encrypted tunnel and dynamic per user, per session WEP keys, using only server side certificates. This will control access to the network by allowing infrastructures to authenticate users and not wireless hosts using a centralized authentication server system, RADIUS server and LDAP or Active directory server. This will allow users to use their regular username and password pair to access the network.

Background: An increase in resistance against many different drugs among urinary tract infection (UTI) E coli isolates has been observed in the last 2 decades. This study determined the trends of antimicrobial resistance in E coli to commonly used antibiotics. Methods: The study was conducted in Ile-Ife, southwest Nigeria. Patients with features suggestive of UTI were investigated for presence of significant bacteriuria. Urine isolates were identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated in accordance with standard bacteriological methods. Results: Of 442 urine specimens, 158 (35.8%) yielded significant growth, including 41 (25.6%) with E coli. Among the E coli isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility varied in prevalence by agent in descending order as follows: nitrofurantoin (80%), ofloxacin (24%), ciprofloxacin (15%), nalidixic acid (10%), cotrimoxazole (5%), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (2%). No isolate was susceptible to amoxicillin, gentamicin, or tetracycline. All were also found to be resistant to at least 3 commonly used drugs. All 25 isolates tested for extendedspectrum ß -lactamase (ESBC) production were found to be presumptive ESBCs producers. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the continued susceptibility of E coli to nitrofurantoin and their widespread and increasing resistance to amoxicillin, gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and tetracycline. Nitrofurantoin is a— and, in this locale, perhaps the only— rational drug for empiric treatment of uncomplicated UTI. There is a need for a comprehensive study of the involvement of ESBC-producing E coli in UTI in this environment.

We report on an 8-year-old patient with septicaemia unresponsive to therapy for five weeks. Undetected, extended-spectrum {$\beta$}-lactamase (ESBL) production by the infecting Klebsiella strain was regarded as responsible for treatment failure. Intravenously administered imipenem during the sixth week led to sustained resolution of fever. Resource-limited hospitals can incur prohibitive costs from ESBL-producer infections because of diagnostic limitations and consequent treatment failure involving prolonged supportive therapy.