Road traffic accidents and their related deaths have become a major health problem
and concerns. Studies have examined the impact of weather on road traffic accidents and
casualties. However, the effect of weather on road traffic accidents in the existing literature is
scanty in Nigeria. In the light of the growing interest in understanding the interrelationship
between climate change and transportation including road traffic accidents, this study
examines the impact of rainfall and temperature on road traffic accidents in Ondo State,
Nigeria between 2005 to 2012. Secondary data on monthly road traffic accidents, rainfall and
temperature were derived for the study duration from the Federal Road Safety Commission
(FRSC) and Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET). A total of 337 road traffic accidents
occurred between 2005 and 2012, 30.83% were fatal, 52.56% were serious and 16.60% were
minor accidents. The main finding is that the total road traffic accident is a function of
several other factors than rainfall and temperature. Specifically, correlations between road
traffic accidents and elements of weather were generally low and never exceeding 0.41. Both
rainfall and temperature were negatively and positively correlated on yearly bases. Similarly,
multiple linear regression models between road traffic accidents and the weather elements on
yearly bases show that the variations in road traffic accidents accounted for by rainfall and
temperature are equally low never exceeding 25.7%. In order to determine whether or not the
weather effects on road traffic accidents are significant, continued research using additional
weather and no weather variables is needed to replicate this study in the country.

Travel behavior and determinants of mode choice of university students in Nigeria are neither well
understood nor well represented in literature. This study model `modal choice of undergraduates, using data
from students travel survey and logistic regression to determine factors influence modal choice of
undergraduate students in Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The results indicate that walking
dominate modes for on-campus and commercial bus for off-campus students, while motorcycles taxi is used by
few of the sample. Mode choices are influenced by a combination of socio-economic and trip factors. A key
finding is extent that these variables positively affect the odds of using walk and commercial bus modes
especially with reference to student residence: on and off-campus. The results suggest investment in pedestrian
infrastructure and development of intermodal transport system as a means of making the university livable and
attractive.

Accessibility to health care facilities is one characteristic that have the potential
to impact the health and well-being of the elderly. Using data from a multistage
sample survey of 378 elderly, this study examines intra- urban mobility and
gender differences in hospital trips of elderly in the city of Ilesa, South-western,
Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and ANOVA.
The analysis reveals similarity in gender trip rates to hospitals - 63.14% of
elderly men and 66.29% of elderly women of the samples visited hospitals for
medical treatment during the period under study. Overall, occasional trips
frequency accounts for 96.71% of the trips to hospitals. The findings show
significant gender differences in trip frequencies, travel distance and mode
choices of the elderly. The research results reinforce the importance of intra urban
and gender variations in travel characteristics of the elderly to hospitals.

This study was undertaken to determine the baseline pelvic parameters as assessed by computed tomographic (CT) pelvimetry in Nigerian women and to compare the pelvic parameters with those derived from other studies.The study was carried out in pregnant women at 36 weeks and above referred for routine CT-pelvimetry.
A total of 100 pregnant women at 36 weeks and above referred to the Radiology Department were prospectively recruited for this study, they included women with breech presentation after 36 weeks gestation and women who either had previous lower segment caesarean section for reasons other than confirmed or suspected cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD). The subjects' ages ranged from 24-45 years.
The mean anteroposterior and transverse inlet pelvic diameters were 11.6 cm +/-SD 0.9 and 12.0 +/-SD 0.8 cm respectively. The range of anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the inlet were 8.4 cm-14.0 cm and 10-13.8 cm respectively. The mean outlet diameter was 11.5 cm +/-SD 1.2 cm. The mean bispinous diameter of the pelvis was 10.6 cm +/-SD 0.9 cm. There was significant positive correlation between anteroposterior diameter inlet and outlet as well as the bispinous diameters (1st, 4th - 6th pairs) p<0.001.
here are significant variations in pelvic parameters of Nigerian women when compared with values from other countries of the world. These significant variations are anthropometric in origin.

Objective: HIV and HCV share routes of infection. Co-infection and its complications are therefore emerging as a major concern as patients on HAART have longer life expectancy. These complications have been well documented. It is necessary to determine in our environment what epidemiological factors are associated. This is expected to improve treatment protocols leading to increase quality of life and prolonged lifespan. Liver enzymes may be useful to monitor therapy. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study. Seventy age and sex matched co-infected patients participated. Sera of the participants were subjected to anti-HCV antibody (IgG) screening using third generation ELISA kit from DIA.PRO, Italy. The epidemiological variables were determined and depicted using bar charts and tables. HIV was determined by detecting the antibodies using two different kits. Determine and Unigold. Results: There were 14 males and 56 females in the co-infected group. While there was a definite raise in Liver enzymes in the co-infected patients, only ALT was significantly raised in both sexes and not only the male sex. The majority of patients were above thirty years of age (mean 35.84). Among mono infected and co-infected patients age was the only statistically significant variable. Conclusion: It is vital to determine the HCV status of HIV positive patients at any point of entry into a particular health care facility. This would further improve the quality of life and life span of individuals as a result of improved treatment protocols. INTRODUCTION Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) was first discovered by Gallo 1 . Hitherto it was described in homosexual men in California and New York in 1981 2 who presented with Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP). The prevalence in Africa and especially Nigeria and South Africa have become alarming over time. Sub-Saharan

This study evaluated the level of household dependence on remittances, its uses and linkages with landscape/environmental conditions in South Eastern Nigeria. The study area is a landscape unit defined by the Idemili River Basin of Anambra State. The concept of socio-ecological systems provided the basis for an integrated assessment of remittances environment linkages using primary data from a survey of 840 households in 25 localities in the basin and landscape data from a Nigerias at 32 m resolution image dataset. Based on this, linear and non linear regression modelling of locality level relationships between four indicators of household remittances (HR) and a key landscape variable (vegetation cover density-VCD) was implemented. About 45 % of the households had access to remittances; 10 % of receiving households depended on it as their main income source; and over 87 % used the receipts mainly to meet basic household needs. Only 4 % of the households used it in activities that directly affected the vegetation cover. The linear and non linear relationships between the indicators of HR and VCD were generally weak (R2 < 0.250). However, the pattern of relationship was different for various indicators of HR. It was inverse for locality aggregate (total) and average HR and positive for level of household access to remittances/locality. This illustrates the complex relationship between remittances and landscape variables in the basin. The study shows that the impact of remittances on households and the environment in the region is both positive (through the alleviation of poverty and land pressure) and negative (through reduction of vegetation cover density).

Cobalt phosphate Co3(PO4)2 and Cobalt phosphate/graphene foam composites Co3(PO4)2/GF were synthesized via a co-precipitation technique. Co3(PO4)2/GF composite was synthesized from Co3(PO4)2 with addition of different graphene foam (GF) mass loading to optimize the appropriate amount of GF which effectively synergized its properties with those of the phosphate materials. The structural, morphological and chemical bonding nature of the synthesized products were characterized extensively using various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques to confirm the successful integration of conductive GF with Co3(PO4)2 grains. The electrochemical properties of the prepared materials were tested in 1 M KOH electrolyte by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Co3(PO4)2/20 mg GF composite exhibited a remarkable gravimetric capacity of 57 mAh g⁻¹ higher than Co3(PO4)2 (21 mAh g⁻¹) at 0.5 A g⁻¹ in a half-cell configuration. An asymmetric device was fabricated using Co3(PO4)2/20 mg GF as a positive electrode) with biomass-derived activated carbon from pepper seed (ppAC) as negative electrode, which delivered a specific energy of 52 Wh kg⁻¹ with an equivalent power of 847 W kg⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹. The asymmetric device exhibited a capacity retention of 80% over 10 000 cycles at 10 A g⁻¹. The study demonstrates an adoption of a facile route for obtaining composite materials and interfaced with biomass-derived porous structures for assembly of a stable asymmetric device.

Unique microstructured nickel ammonium phosphate Ni(NH4)2(PO3)4·4H2O and Ni(NH4)2(PO3)4·4H2O/GF composite were successfully synthesized through the hydrothermal method with different graphene foam (GF) mass loading of 30, 60 and 90 mg as a positive electrode for asymmetric supercapacitors. The crystal structure, vibrational mode, texture and morphology of the samples were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The prepared materials were tested in both 3-and 2-electrode measurements using 6 M KOH electrolyte. The composite material Ni(NH4)2(PO3)4·4H2O/60 mg exhibited a remarkable gravimetric capacity of 52 mA h g⁻¹, higher than the 34 mA h g⁻¹ obtained for the Ni(NH4)2(PO3)4·4H2O pristine sample, both at 0.5 A g⁻¹. For the fabrication of the asymmetric device, activated carbon from pepper seed (ppAC) was used as a negative electrode while Ni(NH4)2(PO3)4·4H2O/60 mg GF was adopted as the positive electrode. The Ni(NH4)2(PO3)4·4H2O/60 mg GF//ppAC asymmetric device delivered a specific energy of 52 Wh kg⁻¹ with an equivalent specific power of 861 W kg⁻¹ at 1.0 A g⁻¹ within a potential range of 0.0–1.5 V. Moreover, the asymmetric device displayed a capacity retention of about 76% for over 10 000 cycles at a high specific current of 10.0 A g⁻¹.

Nanoplatelets NH4(NiCo)PO4·H2O and NH4(NiCo)PO4·H2O/GF composites were synthesized through a hydrothermal approach and used as actively positive electrode for hybrid supercapacitor. Electrochemical performances of the samples were carried out in both the 3and 2-electrode measurements in 1 M KOH solution. The composite NH4(NiCo)PO4·H2O/GF exhibited an improved specific capacity of 111 mAh g⁻¹ over the pristine NH4(NiCo)PO4·H2O material with a 100 mAh g⁻¹, which was obtained at 0.5 Ag⁻¹. Moreover, an assembled hybrid device NH4(NiCo)PO4·H2O/GF//AC revealed maximum specific energy of 47 Wh kg⁻¹ and specific power of 468 W/kg at 0.5 Ag⁻¹. The device was subjected to a long-term stability test of over 10,000 GCD cycles and could retain about 70% of its initial capacity and also proved a columbic efficiency of 99.8% at 10.0 A g⁻¹. Interestingly, the device could preserve a 1.14 V of its initial potential window of 1.4 V after being subjected to a 72 h self-discharge test, showing an efficiency of 81.4%. Based on the results discussed on this work, the NH4(NiCo)PO4·H2O/GF composite could be an excellent candidate as future energy storage material, specifically supercapacitors.